{
 "id": "n-4320b0cc87",
 "slug": "berlin-berlin-tegel-otto-lilienthal-airport",
 "type": "other",
 "name": "Berlin Tegel \"Otto Lilienthal\" Airport",
 "aka": [],
 "city": "Berlin",
 "county": null,
 "state": null,
 "country": "Germany",
 "census_division": null,
 "lat": 52.55972222,
 "lon": 13.28777778,
 "geocode_method": "wikipedia",
 "address": null,
 "metro": null,
 "original_use": "airport",
 "year_opened": null,
 "year_closed": 2021,
 "acres": null,
 "gla_sqft": null,
 "stores_peak": null,
 "levels": null,
 "original_developer": null,
 "original_architect": null,
 "before_notes": "Draft from Wikipedia, model-extracted, unreviewed: Berlin Tegel Airport is proposed to be redeveloped into the Urban Tech Republic, a new city quarter for scientific and industrial research, retaining its main building and tower.",
 "strategy": [
  "redevelop",
  "reinhabit"
 ],
 "new_use": [
  "education",
  "industrial",
  "mixed"
 ],
 "share_retrofit": null,
 "status": "proposed",
 "year_retrofit": null,
 "developer": null,
 "architect": null,
 "after_notes": "a new city quarter dedicated to scientific and industrial research named Urban Tech Republic, which is to retain the airport's main building and tower as a repurposed landmark",
 "narrative": "Berlin Tegel \"Otto Lilienthal\" Airport (German: Flughafen Berlin-Tegel \u201eOtto Lilienthal\u201c) (IATA: TXL, ICAO: EDDT) was an airport in Berlin, the capital of Germany. In its heyday, it was the city's primary international airport. During the Cold War era, it served West Berlin. The airport was named after aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal and was the fourth busiest airport in Germany, with over 24 million passengers in 2019. In 2016, Tegel handled over 60% of all airline passenger traffic in Berlin. The airport served as a base for Eurowings, Ryanair and easyJet. It featured flights to several European metropolitan and leisure destinations as well as some intercontinental routes.",
 "narrative_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
 "narrative_source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Tegel_Airport",
 "zoning_change": null,
 "public_subsidy": null,
 "entitlement_year": null,
 "planning_notes": null,
 "wikidata_qid": "Q9688",
 "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Tegel_Airport",
 "osm_id": null,
 "verified": "draft",
 "verified_by": null,
 "last_verified": null,
 "last_updated": "2026-10-18",
 "created": "2026-10-18",
 "contributor_name": null,
 "contributor_org": null,
 "contributor_link": null,
 "international": 1,
 "county_fips": null,
 "opp_score": null,
 "opp_reasons": [],
 "for_sale": 0,
 "distressed": 0,
 "deep": {},
 "elements": [
  {
   "slug": "era-closed-2020s",
   "name": "Closed 2020s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "2021",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "status-pipeline",
   "name": "Retrofit in the pipeline",
   "grp": "finance",
   "evidence": "proposed",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "strategy-redevelop",
   "name": "Redeveloped",
   "grp": "strategy",
   "evidence": "a new city quarter dedicated to scientific and industrial research named Urban Tech Republic, which is to retain the airport's main building and tower as a repurposed landmark",
   "origin": "record"
  },
  {
   "slug": "strategy-reinhabit",
   "name": "Reinhabited",
   "grp": "strategy",
   "evidence": "a new city quarter dedicated to scientific and industrial research named Urban Tech Republic, which is to retain the airport's main building and tower as a repurposed landmark",
   "origin": "record"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-education",
   "name": "Education",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-logistics",
   "name": "Logistics and industrial",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "a new city quarter dedicated to scientific and industrial research named Urban Tech Republic, which is to retain the ",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-mixed",
   "name": "Mixed use",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": 8188,
   "site_id": "n-4320b0cc87",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Tegel_Airport",
   "title": "Berlin Tegel Airport",
   "publisher": "Wikipedia",
   "date": null,
   "quote": "Berlin Tegel \"Otto Lilienthal\" Airport",
   "kind": "wikipedia",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8189,
   "site_id": "n-4320b0cc87",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Tegel_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "TXL saw its last flight on 8 November 2020 after all traffic had been transferred gradually to the new Berlin Brandenburg Airport.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8190,
   "site_id": "n-4320b0cc87",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Tegel_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "It was legally decommissioned as an airfield after a mandatory transitional period on 4 May 2021.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  }
 ],
 "parties": [],
 "events": [
  {
   "id": 4978,
   "site_id": "n-4320b0cc87",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2020,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Last flight from TXL",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8189,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4979,
   "site_id": "n-4320b0cc87",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2021,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Legally decommissioned as an airfield",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8190,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4980,
   "site_id": "n-4320b0cc87",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2021,
   "kind": "closed",
   "detail": "Closed",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  }
 ],
 "gallery": [],
 "anchors": [],
 "deals": [],
 "owner_of_record": null,
 "ctx": {
  "assessment": {
   "what_happened": "Berlin Tegel Airport closed in 2021 (legally decommissioned as airfield, last flight 2020).",
   "why": "Replaced by Berlin Brandenburg Airport; now proposed for redevelopment as Urban Tech Republic.",
   "where_it_stands": "Status: proposed. New use: education, industrial, mixed. Retains main building/tower as landmark.",
   "for_a_planner": [
    "No construction timeline provided",
    "Nearby clusters (Osthafen warehouse, Eierk\u00fchlhaus) are already built, not relevant to Tegel's status"
   ],
   "for_a_developer": [
    "Peer sites (e.g., Buttonville Airport, Eilat Airport) also use 'redevelop' strategy but outcomes unknown",
    "No financials, timeline, or developer named",
    "Verified status: draft (record incomplete)"
   ],
   "risks_and_unknowns": [
    "No community feedback or environmental studies cited",
    "No details on how 'mixed' use will be implemented",
    "No cost or funding sources provided"
   ],
   "data_quality": "partial",
   "one_line": "Proposed redevelopment of closed Berlin airport into Urban Tech Republic (education/industrial), retaining main building as landmark; status and details incomplete.",
   "model": "qwen3-30b-a3b-64k:latest",
   "machine": "Dell 5820 RTX 3090 (Ollama, qwen3-30b-a3b)",
   "record_sha1": "84ed9ffda2f2"
  },
  "cluster": {
   "within_10km": [
    {
     "id": "n-a9c382bb7a",
     "name": "Former warehouse at Osthafen",
     "city": "Berlin",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 8.6
    },
    {
     "id": "n-d31b4cf6a3",
     "name": "Eierk\u00fchlhaus",
     "city": "Berlin",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 8.6
    }
   ],
   "count_10km": 2,
   "count_25km": 2
  },
  "peers": {
   "peers": [
    {
     "id": "n-08803f50c8",
     "name": "Buttonville Municipal Airport",
     "city": "Markham",
     "state": null,
     "score": 5.5,
     "why": [
      "closed 2023",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-58c2c98c25",
     "name": "Columbus Bus Station",
     "city": "Columbus",
     "state": "OH",
     "score": 5.5,
     "why": [
      "closed 2022",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-7f8c397dc9",
     "name": "Former Eilat Airport",
     "city": "Eilat",
     "state": null,
     "score": 5.5,
     "why": [
      "closed 2019",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-3979b69ba3",
     "name": "NOAA research station and surrounding 26 acres",
     "city": "Mukilteo",
     "state": "WA",
     "score": 5.5,
     "why": [
      "closed 2020",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-4d2e32ac93",
     "name": "Bristol Mall",
     "city": "Bristol",
     "state": "VA",
     "score": 5.0,
     "why": [
      "closed 2017",
      "same strategy: reinhabit"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-520fbe8bb5",
     "name": "Concord Mall",
     "city": "Elkhart",
     "state": "IN",
     "score": 5.0,
     "why": [
      "closed 2023",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "method": "size, era, strategy, status, type, state, distance"
  }
 },
 "parcels": [],
 "url": "https://retrofitatlas.org/other/germany/berlin-berlin-tegel-otto-lilienthal-airport/",
 "photo": {
  "id": 32529,
  "site_id": "n-4320b0cc87",
  "stage": null,
  "file": "/img/berlin-berlin-tegel-otto-lilienthal-airport-geo-eea6c9.jpg",
  "src_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Berlin-Tegel_from_the_air.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
  "commons_title": "File:Berlin-Tegel from the air.jpg",
  "author": "Tim Pritlove",
  "license": "CC BY 2.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0",
  "credit": "wikidata-p18",
  "taken": "2005-06-18",
  "width": 1024,
  "height": 768,
  "is_key": 1,
  "caption": "Aerial view of an airport complex with terminal buildings and parking areas.",
  "checked": "ok:aerial:4"
 },
 "provenance": {
  "year_closed": "newtypes-extraction",
  "status": "newtypes-extraction",
  "after_notes": "newtypes-extraction"
 },
 "links_out": [
  {
   "group": "reference",
   "label": "Wikipedia article",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Tegel_Airport",
   "why": "the encyclopedia article for this site (CC BY-SA)",
   "from": "site.wikipedia",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "reference",
   "label": "Wikidata item Q9688",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9688",
   "why": "the structured-data item: identifiers, coordinates, images, other-language articles",
   "from": "site.wikidata_qid",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "reference",
   "label": "Wikimedia Commons photos within 500 m",
   "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=nearcoord%3A500m%2C52.55972%2C13.28778&ns6=1",
   "why": "a Commons geo-search around the point; licences vary by file",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "reference",
   "label": "Retrofitting Suburbia (book site)",
   "url": "https://www.retrofittingsuburbia.com/",
   "why": "Ellen Dunham-Jones and June Williamson's book and case studies, the research this database is built on",
   "from": "constant",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "place",
   "label": "Google Maps",
   "url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=52.55972%2C13.28778",
   "why": "the point on Google Maps",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "place",
   "label": "Street View",
   "url": "https://www.google.com/maps/@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=52.55972%2C13.28778",
   "why": "the nearest Street View panorama",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "place",
   "label": "Bing Maps",
   "url": "https://www.bing.com/maps?cp=52.55972~13.28778&lvl=17",
   "why": "the point on Bing Maps (Bird's eye where available)",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "place",
   "label": "Apple Maps",
   "url": "https://maps.apple.com/?ll=52.55972,13.28778&z=17&q=Berlin%20Tegel%20%22Otto%20Lilienthal%22%20Airport",
   "why": "the point on Apple Maps",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "place",
   "label": "OpenStreetMap",
   "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=52.55972&mlon=13.28778#map=17/52.55972/13.28778",
   "why": "the point on OpenStreetMap",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "place",
   "label": "Walk Score at this point",
   "url": "https://www.walkscore.com/score/loc/lat=52.55972/lng=13.28778",
   "why": "Walk Score's walkability, transit and bike scores for the coordinates",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener nofollow"
  },
  {
   "group": "place",
   "label": "Transitland map",
   "url": "https://www.transit.land/map#17/52.55972/13.28778",
   "why": "transit routes and stops from open GTFS feeds around the point",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "place",
   "label": "USGS National Map",
   "url": "https://apps.nationalmap.gov/viewer/?center=13.28778,52.55972&zoom=16",
   "why": "topographic and elevation layers from the USGS",
   "from": "site.lat/lon",
   "rel": "noopener"
  },
  {
   "group": "news",
   "label": "Google News: \u201cBerlin Tegel \"Otto Lilienthal\" Airport\u201d",
   "url": "https://news.google.com/search?q=%22Berlin+Tegel+%22Otto+Lilienthal%22+Airport%22+Berlin",
   "why": "news search for the site name and city",
   "from": "site.name + city \u2192 search",
   "rel": "noopener nofollow"
  },
  {
   "group": "news",
   "label": "Bing News: \u201cBerlin Tegel \"Otto Lilienthal\" Airport\u201d",
   "url": "https://www.bing.com/news/search?q=%22Berlin+Tegel+%22Otto+Lilienthal%22+Airport%22+Berlin",
   "why": "news search for the site name and city",
   "from": "site.name + city \u2192 search",
   "rel": "noopener nofollow"
  }
 ]
}