{
 "id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
 "slug": "denver-central-park",
 "type": "other",
 "name": "Central Park",
 "aka": [],
 "city": "Denver",
 "county": "Denver County",
 "state": "CO",
 "country": "US",
 "census_division": 8,
 "lat": 39.73924,
 "lon": -104.98486,
 "geocode_method": "nominatim-city",
 "address": null,
 "metro": null,
 "original_use": "airport",
 "year_opened": null,
 "year_closed": 1995,
 "acres": 4700.0,
 "gla_sqft": null,
 "stores_peak": null,
 "levels": null,
 "original_developer": null,
 "original_architect": null,
 "before_notes": "Draft from Wikipedia, model-extracted, unreviewed: The former Stapleton International Airport was redeveloped into the Central Park neighborhood, a new urbanist project with housing, retail, office, parks, and civic uses.",
 "strategy": [
  "redevelop",
  "regreen"
 ],
 "new_use": [
  "civic",
  "education",
  "entertainment",
  "housing",
  "logistics",
  "mixed",
  "office",
  "park",
  "retail"
 ],
 "share_retrofit": null,
 "status": "built",
 "year_retrofit": 2001,
 "developer": "Forest City Enterprises/Brookfield",
 "architect": null,
 "after_notes": "A large residential neighborhood with schools, parks, pools, shopping/business districts, recreation center, library, commuter rail station, office space, retail space, and various housing types.",
 "narrative": "Central Park, previously Stapleton, is a neighborhood within the city limits of Denver and Aurora, Colorado. Located east of downtown Denver, the neighborhood is at the former site of the decommissioned Stapleton International Airport, which closed in 1995. It is the largest residential neighborhood within the city of Denver. The Central Park neighborhood contains twelve specifically named sub-neighborhoods, 11 public/private schools, 50 parks (including city regional and community pocket-parks), 7 pools, several shopping and business districts, a city of Denver recreation center, and a Denver library.",
 "narrative_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
 "narrative_source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
 "zoning_change": null,
 "public_subsidy": null,
 "entitlement_year": 1995,
 "planning_notes": "Approved by Stapleton Development Foundation.",
 "wikidata_qid": "Q17088919",
 "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
 "osm_id": null,
 "verified": "draft",
 "verified_by": null,
 "last_verified": null,
 "last_updated": "2026-10-18",
 "created": "2026-10-18",
 "contributor_name": null,
 "contributor_org": null,
 "contributor_link": null,
 "international": 0,
 "county_fips": "08031",
 "opp_score": 10.0,
 "opp_reasons": [
  "retrofit already built",
  "4700 acres",
  "median rent $1,770",
  "housing in the record"
 ],
 "for_sale": 0,
 "distressed": 0,
 "deep": {},
 "elements": [
  {
   "slug": "era-closed-1990s",
   "name": "Closed 1990s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "1995",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "era-retrofit-2000s",
   "name": "Retrofit 2000s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "2001",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-mall-cluster",
   "name": "3+ other atlas sites within 10 km",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "16 within 10 km",
   "origin": "computed"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-high-traffic",
   "name": "30,000+ vehicles a day on an adjacent road",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "31,000 on U.S. 40",
   "origin": "fhwa-hpms"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-apartment-boom-county",
   "name": "County permitting 2,000+ apartment units a year",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "3,118 units, Denver County",
   "origin": "census-bps"
  },
  {
   "slug": "scale-large-site",
   "name": "60+ acre site",
   "grp": "scale",
   "evidence": "4700 acres",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "strategy-redevelop",
   "name": "Redeveloped",
   "grp": "strategy",
   "evidence": "A large residential neighborhood with schools, parks, pools, shopping/business districts, recreation center, library, commuter rail station, office space, retail space, and various housing types.",
   "origin": "record"
  },
  {
   "slug": "strategy-regreen",
   "name": "Regreened",
   "grp": "strategy",
   "evidence": "A large residential neighborhood with schools, parks, pools, shopping/business districts, recreation center, library, commuter rail station, office space, retail space, and various housing types.",
   "origin": "record"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-civic",
   "name": "Civic and government",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "rks, pools, shopping/business districts, recreation center, library, commuter rail station, office space, retail space, and var",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-education",
   "name": "Education",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-entertainment",
   "name": "Entertainment and sports",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-housing",
   "name": "Housing",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "A large residential neighborhood with schools, parks, pools, shopping/business ",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-logistics",
   "name": "Logistics and industrial",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-mixed",
   "name": "Mixed use",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-office",
   "name": "Office",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "stricts, recreation center, library, commuter rail station, office space, retail space, and various housing types. Approved by",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-park",
   "name": "Park and open space",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-retail",
   "name": "Retail (continued)",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": " large residential neighborhood with schools, parks, pools, shopping/business districts, recreation center, library, commuter ra",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": 8664,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Central Park, Denver",
   "publisher": "Wikipedia",
   "date": null,
   "quote": "Central Park, previously Stapleton",
   "kind": "wikipedia",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8665,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "A private group of Denver civic leaders, the Stapleton Development Foundation, convened in 1990",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8666,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "produced a master plan for the site in 1995",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8667,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "Stapleton International Airport, which closed in 1995.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8668,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "Construction began in 2001, under then Mayor Wellington Webb.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8669,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "In 2004, residents moved into what was then named the neighborhood's first apartments",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8670,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "In 2006, the community's population grew above 5,000 and the Denver School of Science and Technology opened along with The Shops at Northfield.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8671,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "In 2007, the 80 acres (32 ha) 'Central Park' opened",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8672,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "As of 2008, 3,200 single-family houses, row houses, condominiums and other for-sale housing, has been built.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8673,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "As of 2011, more than 14,000 people lived in the neighborhood, and the trail network reached 38 miles (61 km).",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 8674,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park,_Denver",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "In 2016, The RTD A-Line directly connects Denver's Union Station located in Downtown Denver, through the Central Park neighborhood, to Denver International Airport.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  }
 ],
 "parties": [
  {
   "name": "Forest City Enterprises/Brookfield",
   "kind": "developer",
   "role": "developer",
   "year_from": 2001,
   "year_to": null
  }
 ],
 "events": [
  {
   "id": 5365,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1990,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Stapleton Development Foundation convened",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8665,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5366,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1995,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Master plan produced for the site",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8666,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5367,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1995,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Stapleton International Airport closed",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8667,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5375,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1995,
   "kind": "closed",
   "detail": "Closed",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5368,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2001,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Construction began",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8668,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5376,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2001,
   "kind": "retrofit",
   "detail": "Retrofit: redevelop, regreen",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5369,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2004,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Residents moved into first apartments",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8669,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5370,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2006,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Population grew above 5,000; Denver School of Science and Technology and The Shops at Northfield opened",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8670,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5371,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2007,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "80-acre 'Central Park' opened",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8671,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5372,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2008,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "3,200 housing units built",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8672,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5373,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2011,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Population over 14,000; trail network reached 38 miles",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8673,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 5374,
   "site_id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2016,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "RTD A-Line connected neighborhood to downtown and DIA",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 8674,
   "verified": "draft"
  }
 ],
 "gallery": [],
 "anchors": [],
 "deals": [],
 "owner_of_record": null,
 "ctx": {
  "assessment": {
   "what_happened": "Former Stapleton International Airport (closed 1995) redeveloped as Central Park neighborhood starting 2001. Built status confirmed. 4700-acre site now includes housing (14,000+ residents by 2011), retail, offices, parks, schools, and transit (RTD A-Line, 2016).",
   "why": "4700 acres, median rent $1,770, mixed-use development (housing, retail, office, parks) completed. Peer comparison shows Stapleton Airport (same site) as top match (11/11 score).",
   "where_it_stands": "Fully built neighborhood with 3,200+ housing units (2008), 50 parks, and 2023 retail employment growth (24.1%).",
   "for_a_planner": [
    "4700 acres is largest residential neighborhood in Denver",
    "12 sub-neighborhoods, 11 schools, 50 parks documented",
    "RTD A-Line connects to downtown/DIA (2016)"
   ],
   "for_a_developer": [
    "Median rent $1,770 (2026 data)",
    "2023-2024 permits: $1.8B in housing value",
    "Retail employment grew 24.1% (2012-2023)"
   ],
   "risks_and_unknowns": [
    "'Regreen' strategy not detailed",
    "Logistics use not quantified",
    "No current vacancy rates provided"
   ],
   "data_quality": "partial",
   "one_line": "4700-acre former airport now a mixed-use neighborhood with 14k+ residents, 50 parks, and $1.8B in housing permits (2023-2024).",
   "model": "qwen3-30b-a3b-64k:latest",
   "machine": "Dell 5820 RTX 3090 (Ollama, qwen3-30b-a3b)",
   "record_sha1": "d39f28cd5909"
  },
  "cluster": {
   "within_10km": [
    {
     "id": "n-4742daa26a",
     "name": "Celebrity Sports Center",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 0.0
    },
    {
     "id": "n-6454e0acd6",
     "name": "Former Park Hill Golf Club",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 0.0
    },
    {
     "id": "n-928826c11a",
     "name": "Former K-Mart site",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 0.0
    },
    {
     "id": "n-4af820edeb",
     "name": "Union Station North",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 2.5
    },
    {
     "id": "n-70930b3d44",
     "name": "Kmart in the Broadway Marketplace",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "under construction",
     "km": 3.2
    },
    {
     "id": "n-d230d1a844",
     "name": "Sears in Cherry Creek",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 3.2
    },
    {
     "id": "n-69f80451de",
     "name": "Cherry Lane",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 3.4
    },
    {
     "id": "m-c41eb9f17a",
     "name": "Broadway Plaza",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "unknown",
     "km": 3.9
    },
    {
     "id": "n-aad5d93c49",
     "name": "Park Hill Golf Course",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 4.9
    },
    {
     "id": "n-29b64378cd",
     "name": "James",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "under construction",
     "km": 6.9
    },
    {
     "id": "m-0c376645d0",
     "name": "Lamar Plaza Station",
     "city": "Lakewood",
     "status": "partial",
     "km": 7.2
    },
    {
     "id": "n-2e8a724f11",
     "name": "Stapleton International Airport",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 8.3
    }
   ],
   "count_10km": 16,
   "count_25km": 27
  },
  "elevation": {
   "elevation_ft": 5276.3,
   "resolution": 1,
   "source": "USGS EPQS (3DEP)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "food_access": {
   "tract10": "08031002701",
   "urban": 1,
   "lila_1_10": 0,
   "low_access_1mi": 0,
   "poverty_rate": 16.3829787234043,
   "snap_households": 191.0,
   "pop2010": 4600.0,
   "source": "USDA ERS Food Access Research Atlas 2019 (ArcGIS copy)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "housing_market": {
   "zhvi": {
    "latest": 528188,
    "month": "2026-09",
    "change_1y": -0.018,
    "change_5y": -0.008
   },
   "zori": {
    "latest": 1867,
    "month": "2026-09",
    "change_1y": 0.001,
    "change_5y": 0.063
   },
   "county_fips": "08031",
   "source": "Zillow Research (ZHVI, ZORI)"
  },
  "jobs_lodes": {
   "tract20": "08031002704",
   "jobs": 6060,
   "retail_jobs": 49,
   "food_accommodation_jobs": 216,
   "year": 2022,
   "source": "Census LEHD LODES8 WAC 2022 (all jobs, primary and secondary), blocks summed to the 2020 tract",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "listings": {
   "zip": "80203",
   "month": "202609",
   "median_listing_price": 339225,
   "median_listing_price_yy": -0.0511,
   "active_listing_count": 139,
   "median_days_on_market": 83,
   "price_reduced_share": 0.32,
   "pending_ratio": 0.1264,
   "source": "Realtor.com Research, inventory core metrics by ZIP (ZCTA at the site point)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "opportunity": {
   "tract10": "08031002701",
   "kfr_p25": 0.3877,
   "jail_p25": 0.0415,
   "kids_count": 114.6216,
   "commuting_zone": "Denver",
   "vintage": "children born 1978-83, outcomes measured 2014-15",
   "source": "Opportunity Insights, Opportunity Atlas (Chetty, Friedman, Hendren, Jones, Porter 2018)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "peers": {
   "peers": [
    {
     "id": "n-2e8a724f11",
     "name": "Stapleton International Airport",
     "city": "Denver",
     "state": "CO",
     "score": 11.0,
     "why": [
      "similar size (4700 acres)",
      "closed 1995",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-5f44df2309",
     "name": "Cinderella Mall",
     "city": "Englewood",
     "state": "CO",
     "score": 8.0,
     "why": [
      "closed 1997",
      "same strategy: redevelop, regreen",
      "also in CO"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-f8e0874a5d",
     "name": "Naval Air Station Barbers Point",
     "city": "Kalaeloa",
     "state": "HI",
     "score": 7.5,
     "why": [
      "similar size (3700 acres)",
      "closed 1999",
      "same strategy: redevelop, regreen"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-fe8ce81673",
     "name": "Villa Italia Mall",
     "city": "Lakewood",
     "state": "CO",
     "score": 6.5,
     "why": [
      "same strategy: redevelop, regreen",
      "also in CO",
      "9 km away"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-e5c459ed4b",
     "name": "Crossroads Mall",
     "city": "Boulder",
     "state": "CO",
     "score": 6.5,
     "why": [
      "same strategy: redevelop",
      "also in CO",
      "39 km away"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-d993699a33",
     "name": "SouthGlenn Mall",
     "city": "Centennial",
     "state": "CO",
     "score": 6.5,
     "why": [
      "same strategy: redevelop, regreen",
      "also in CO",
      "17 km away"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "method": "size, era, strategy, status, type, state, distance"
  },
  "permits": {
   "county": "Denver County",
   "2024": {
    "units_1": 872,
    "units_2_4": 4,
    "units_5plus": 3118,
    "value_total": 788494244
   },
   "2023": {
    "units_1": 1174,
    "units_2_4": 2,
    "units_5plus": 4549,
    "value_total": 1073491646
   },
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  "qcew_retail": {
   "county": "08031",
   "year": 2025,
   "establishments": 2329,
   "employment": 30425,
   "avg_annual_pay": 52368,
   "lq_employment": 0.55,
   "employment_change_1y": -5.4,
   "source": "BLS QCEW 2025 annual, county, NAICS 44-45 retail trade, private",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "retail_trend": {
   "2012": {
    "estab": 2272,
    "emp": 26298
   },
   "2023": {
    "estab": 2348,
    "emp": 32628
   },
   "estab_change": 0.033,
   "emp_change": 0.241,
   "county_fips": "08031"
  },
  "schools": {
   "district": "Denver County School District 1",
   "district_geoid": "0803360",
   "grades": "PK-12",
   "district_vintage": "SY2024-25",
   "public_schools_1mi": 14,
   "schools": [
    "Emily Griffith High School",
    "Contemporary Learning Academy",
    "Dora Moore ECE-8 School",
    "Morey Middle School",
    "Polaris Elementary School",
    "Denver Justice High School"
   ],
   "schools_vintage": "SY2023-24",
   "source": "NCES EDGE",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "storms": {
   "county": "08031",
   "years": "2016-2025",
   "events": 183,
   "by_type": {
    "Hail": 127,
    "Thunderstorm Wind": 41,
    "Flash Flood": 7,
    "Heavy Rain": 3,
    "Tornado": 3,
    "Lightning": 1,
    "Flood": 1
   },
   "property_damage_usd": 820000,
   "deaths_direct": 0,
   "injuries_direct": 2,
   "note": "county-typed events only; events logged to forecast zones (CZ_TYPE Z: most winter, heat, flood and coastal events) are not counted",
   "source": "NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, details files",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "traffic": {
   "max_aadt": 31000,
   "trucks_aadt": 990,
   "road": "U.S. 40",
   "class": "principal arterial",
   "lanes": 6,
   "segments_600m": 39,
   "year": "2024",
   "source": "FHWA HPMS",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  }
 },
 "parcels": [],
 "url": "https://retrofitatlas.org/other/co/denver-central-park/",
 "photo": null,
 "provenance": {
  "year_closed": "newtypes-extraction",
  "acres": "newtypes-extraction",
  "after_notes": "newtypes-extraction",
  "year_retrofit": "newtypes-extraction",
  "developer": "newtypes-extraction"
 }
}